A Collection of Classic and New Poems for Winter

A Collection of Classic and New Poems for Winter At the point when the virus twists start to blow and the evenings arrive at their longest stretch at the solstice, winter has shown up. Artists through the ages have loaned their plumes and pens to compose sections about the season. Cuddle up around the fireside with a snifter of cognac or a cup of hot cocoa or go out to welcome the late morning dawn and examine these sonnets. This treasury of winter sonnets starts with a couple of works of art before recommending some new sonnets for the season. Winter Poems from the sixteenth and seventeenth Century The Bard of Avon had a few sonnets about winter. No big surprise, since the Little Ice Age kept things chilled back then. William Shakespeare,â€Å"Winter† from Loves Labors Lost (1593)William Shakespeare,â€Å"Blow, Blow Thou Winter Wind† from As You Like It (1600)William Shakespeare,Sonnet 97 - â€Å"How like a winter hath my nonattendance been† (1609)Thomas Campion,â€Å"Now Winter Nights Enlarge† (1617) Winter Poems from the eighteenth Century The pioneers of the Romantic Movement wrote their sonnets end of the eighteenth Century. It was a period upset and colossal changes the British Isles, the provinces, and Europe. Robert Burns,â€Å"Winter: A Dirge† (1781)William Blake,â€Å"To Winter† (1783)Samuel Taylor Coleridge,â€Å"Frost at Midnight† (1798) Winter Poems from the nineteenth Century Verse bloomed in the New World and female writers additionally transformed the nineteenth century. Other than the intensity of nature in winter, artists, for example, Walt Whitman likewise observed the mechanical and synthetic condition. John Keats,â€Å"In drear-nighted December† (1829)Charlotte Brontà «,â€Å"Winter Stores† (1846)Walt Whitman,â€Å"To a Locomotive in Winter† (1882)Robert Louis Stevenson,â€Å"Winter-Time† (1885)George Meredith,â€Å"Winter Heavens† (1888)Emily Dickinson,â€Å"There’s a specific Slant of light† (#258)Emily Dickinson,â€Å"It filters from Leaden Sieves† (#311)Robert Bridges,â€Å"London Snow† (1890) Great Winter Poems from the Early twentieth Century The mid twentieth century saw tremendous changes in innovation and furthermore the slaughter of World War I. Yet, the difference in season to winter was a consistent. Regardless of how much humankind looks to control the earth, nothing keeps down the beginning of winter. Thomas Hardy,â€Å"Winter in Durnover Field† (1901)William Butler Yeats,â€Å"The Cold Heaven† (1916)Gerard Manley Hopkins,â€Å"The Times Are Nightfall† (1918)Robert Frost,â€Å"An Old Man’s Winter Night† (1920)Wallace Stevens,â€Å"The Snowman† (1921)Robert Frost,â€Å"Dust of Snow† and â€Å"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening† (1923) Contemporary Winter Poems Winter keeps on motivating advanced writers. Some may accomplish the title of works of art in the decades to come. Perusing them can edify you with respect to how verse is changing and individuals are communicating their specialty. You can discover the vast majority of these sonnets on the web. Appreciate this choice of sonnets on winter subjects from contemporary writers: Salvatore Buttaci, â€Å"From Cold Unblinking Eyes†Denis Dunn, â€Å"Winter in Maine on Rte 113† and â€Å"Silent Solstice (Winter Becomes Maine)†Jim Finnegan, â€Å"Flightless Bird†Jesse Glass, â€Å"The Giant in the Dirty Coat†Dorothea Grossman, Untitled winter poemRuth Hill, â€Å"Land of Long Shadows†Joel Lewis, â€Å"Making a Meal Out of It†Charles Mariano, â€Å"This Winter†Whitman McGowan, â€Å"It Was So Cold†Justine Nicholas, â€Å"Palais d’Hiver†Barbara Novack, â€Å"Winter: 10 degrees†Debbie Ouellet, â€Å"North Wind†Joseph Pacheco, â€Å"Cold Winter Morn in Florida†Jack Peachum, â€Å"The Migrant†Barbara Reiher-Meyers, â€Å"Blizzard† and â€Å"Sweet and Bitter†Todd-Earl Rhodes, Untitled poemRobert Savino, â€Å"Shortcut Through the Storm†Jackie Sheeler, â€Å"Underground Xmas†Lisa Shields, â€Å"Reaching for White† and â€Å"Climate Change†Aldo Tambellini, â€Å"October 19, 1990†Joyce Wakefield, â€Å"Winter Conversation†

Avon: Manage Change in Organizational Behaviour

Avon: Manage Change in Organizational Behavior Presentation AND BACKGROUND Change is something crucial in todays condition for very association because of the different elements like monetary change, innovation changes and rivalry change and so on. The authoritative conduct is introduction of the hierarchical culture, structure and people working in the association. So the adjustment in any factor will at last impact on the conduct of the association (Ajzen, 1988) and it is basic to deal with these progressions in proper and methodical habits so as to dodge disappointments at key level. Have utilized the Avon the organization for ladies as of late; have experienced the auxiliary changes all the time because of the financial good and bad times in recent years and savage rivalry in advertise which have requested the significant expense productivity and quality. Avon American based corrective organization which have just item portfolios for ladies giving the scope of items beginning from makeup to excellence and style. Avon is known for their one of a kind conveyance channels where items are not sold in customary shops shows rather the items are offered entryway to entryway by the Avon agents prompting make the biggest group of delegates with in excess of 5,000,000 over the globe. Explanations behind CHANGE AVON COMPANY As of late the change is basic for each association to make due for long haul and support in profoundly serious condition. Associations neglect to change the frameworks and themselves in present day condition misfortune there market and standings model are numerous IT and related organizations which come to approach smother. Anyway there following run of the mill reasons in present day period which have lead the associations to made changes in their structures and practices; Innovation refreshes: as of late the association effectiveness and cost investment funds is subject to the utilization of reasonable innovation arrangements and they need the innovation to keep up themselves in the profoundly serious market. So the associations which didn't embrace the reasonable innovation might be the survivor of wasteful aspects, slow creations developments and less net revenues, further the utilization of proper innovation and making it some portion of the system is greatest test for todays associations. Rivalry circumstance: rivalry have transformed it selves to the profoundly unpredictable and savage where it endure the associations need to change themselves consistently so as to stay ahead in the game, where global associations have embrace the opposition system by making themselves exceptionally feasible, moral qualities and refreshed for the changing condition with more spotlight on contending through computerized world. Financial conditions : A couple of years back the monetary conditions was practically steady and as indicated by the example yet late credit crunch have left the associations unsure about their future and demonstrate there making arrangements for their future may require the minor or complete correction. So all things considered the associations are expecting the dubious and concealed financial conditions later on and best methodology to bargain these vulnerabilities is that the organizations change their structure and conduct adaptable enough to consolidate the changes. Changes reasons in Avon; Avon has especially headed to change by the accompanying variables; Cost reserve funds: like different beautifying agents organizations the Avon additionally confronting the test to keep up their productivity level with limiting the expense and effectiveness. Te Avon have started the cost sparing plan in 2008 which will be further wait till 2015 which will guarantee the gigantic changes in the association with in this timespan including the people center to spare cost much as could reasonably be expected and guarantee the cost reserve funds in future timeframe. Deal delegates: the economy defeat left the human asset jobless and disappoints where Avon accepted the open door and make their vital expect to expand their deal agent base solid and change the manner in which association manages their work power making them the most good with the new condition. More aptitudes improvement: Traditionally Avon have worked with the constrained yet high class abilities which were restricted to the top level , anyway Avon is presently concentrating more on assignment and expertise advancement in all degree of staff so the association rose as the profoundly good. CHANGE STRATEGY AND CHANGE PROCESS Authoritative change requires the total key standing and concern and ought to be received and made on the more significant level, where this procedure starts with making the away from of the association after change and how the diverse perspective and settings will be managed in course of making the methodology for change. Change Philosophy; Change theory may comprise of the associations standing and vision about the change and how they see it like Avon has accepted the change as the mean of rivalry and joining the ongoing outer changes in the association anyway the most associations have accepted it as the craft of the associations easygoing tasks and part of the authoritative life cycle for other people, it is uncommon and one off occasion after lengthy timespan and because of the outrageous reasons. Change Approach: This can be agents of how the associations will deal with the change procedure and how the change procedure will continue. The methodology can be either top down or base up where the top down methodology implies the lower staff are headed to change by higher administration anyway the base up approach implies the lower staff have been the factor which have understood the upper administration drive the change procedure. The most well-known methodology is blender of each approach as the leads can't bring the change without representatives assent. Style: The style may introduce the impression of the administration about the change like it is possible that they are taking as the exceptionally significant and making redundancies to bring the progressions or the association are bringing the change through the inclusion of workers with ceaseless commitment from them. Job of others: The change is driven by the people in the association which ought to plainly distinguish the chain of command of individual partaking all the while and there ought to be the away from of duties and job. Change suggestion models; The change models are deliberate methodology of the organization to embrace the change, where numerous analysts have joined numerous components and difficulties to make guidelines procedures to acquire the progressions the association. There are number of models utilized for change execution and there is no standard about each model to be embraced for the change for each association and conditions. Anyway there are following regular models are received by most of associations; Equalization score card: is where the change is actualized in different zones of the business with alternate point of view lastly the general effect is determined to cause the general change to occur in the association. The primary change zones are money related, operational, gracefully chain and innovation and so forth. Kaizen: this is the model which have dependent on the way of thinking that the change is the piece of the authoritative activities and there must consistently the additions in the framework and enhancements through the organization immediately. The Kaizen recommend that the change is the capacity which association embrace like every other capacity like showcasing or creation and so on. The Kaizen model is recommending the assembling with the way of thinking of zero impact and all out quality administration in the association. Kotters change model: this model presents the bit by bit way to deal with change process where the change could be embraced as the side activity of the association over the period absent a lot of impedance in the essential capacities anyway his model additionally similarly adoptable in changes which require the all out side project the organization. The Kotters model permits the associations to recognize and deal with the difficulties in the change procedure like the opposition from partners and inspiration and so on. Kotters eight stage guarantee the association have experienced the cautious procedure to deal with the adjustment in structure with least hazard factors. Business process reengineering: is the way of thinking for change where the focal point of the administration to change the style of working and ways the capacities are performed previously so to play out the specific assignment the association is more spotlight on the changing the methods of working dispensing with the wasteful aspects and slacknesss making it progressively proficient and profitable. Different strategies are balance score card, Lewins model and activity inquire about model and so on The above expressed models are progressively powerful in individual and one of a kind conditions and there ought to be examination lead by the board so as to locate the model is best reasonable to the associations novel conditions and it is prescribed to remain on one model once being received. There are following inquiries which the administrations ought to consider before prescribing any model to the organization; How as often as possible the change occur in the association for instance for visit change the kaizen model is best reasonable or other astute The amount Time dispensed to the change procedure occur for instance Kotters model permit the both present moment or long haul change anyway the Lewins change model is utilized for change in brief timeframe period is use What is simply the Reason of progress characterize the model embraced for the steady change the Kotter model or the Kaizen is adoptable anyway the financial crunches or any crisis change may require the side project change process proposing the Lewins or Action Research strategy base What are the association and their business nature and type, fabricating lean toward the procedure reengineering and so on Suggested for the Avon Avon have been changing themselves due to the two components like the monetary downturn and as a feature of nonstop improvement likewise the Avon is both help orien

Things international students should know about studying abroad

Things international students should know about studying abroad The Ups and Downs of International Students Abroad The Ups and Downs of International Students Abroad The West’s universities have been, for some time, and will likely continue to be for some time to come, the desired destination of international students from all over the world. State of the art research facilities, and a concentration of some of humanity’s best and brightest minds, combined with unmatched infrastructure and amenities, have drawn (in Canada alone) some 500,000 international students. Leaving your home country to study abroad can be one of the most exciting things you do with your life. It gives you a chance to experience new cultures, new foods, new places, improve language skills, build valuable and impressive resumes, and, for some, provides a pathway to citizenship in an entirely new country. Universities in Canada and the United States place a tremendous amount of value on attracting and retaining international students, and work to ensure their academic experience is a positive one. As with any experience where you are facing significant unknowns, you will encounter both ups and downs especially at first when acclimating to your new country and university. Below are some of the things international students should keep in mind while considering an international university experience. Culture shock University life, and university towns, tend to be somewhat of a bubble, regardless of where you go in the world. There is a young, liberal culture that tends to dominate and it is not necessarily what you can expect from the wider society. Young people today have grown up more connected, and part of a much larger, more identifiable global culture than ever before. That being said, your new country undoubtedly has some surprises in store for you. The way people talk and relate to one another will likely be different. Social norms regarding things like politeness, noise, greetings, personal space, touching and body language while talking, sense of humour, and national identity are all things that people who intend on spending a significant amount of time outside their home culture will have to come to terms with. International students and university level English If English is your second language, and even if you went to an international high school in your home country with a significant amount of English language instruction, the jump from high school-level English to university-level can be quite overwhelming for international students. That does not necessarily mean you are going to do poorly in your courses. Studies have shown that, although many international students (63 percent) do struggle with English in university and college-level courses, only 10 percent of them experienced significant grade drops. You should also know that if you are struggling with your coursework, and require help, there are academic writing services out there that have helped countless international students obtain an edge on their coursework, and improve their ability to read and write in English. It takes courage and hard work to study abroad, and the academic papers and literature you will be exposed to, even at the undergraduate level, will introduce you to words and concepts that are both sophisticated and uncommon. Homesickness It is common for university students, especially new students, to feel homesick if they have chosen to study outside of the town or city they grew up in. Even moving just a couple of hours away to study can make students feel isolated and alone. This is especially true if you come from a close-knit family, and have a large and meaningful social network in your city or town of origin. This experience can be greatly amplified if you are coming from another country altogether. Thanks to the internet and to internet-based communication, including things like social media, we are now more connected with our loved ones than ever before. The days of expensive calling cards and writing letters are long gone, and international students can be closer than ever to friends and family while not physically present. A good way to deal with homesickness is to keep active. It can be easy to end up wallowing in a pit of despair and decide that you don’t want to do anything, or see anybody. Staying active (including exercising) will help with your mental health, and make it easier to settle in. You will likely have to speak publicly and participate in group projects Speaking publicly is part of the university experience for most people. Whether as part of a group project, or on your own, you will likely have to get up in front of your peers and classmates, as well as your professors, and speak about course material. Public speaking is nerve-racking at the best of times, but especially so if you are doing it in a language you don’t feel 100 percent proficient in. Prepare yourself for that beforehand so that you are not all of a sudden overwhelmed by surprise and dread. Understand that most of your fellow students are not bad people, and that they will empathize with your discomfort and will not attempt to make you feel bad for trying your best. The aforementioned group projects are also part of the university experience that many international students find uncomfortable, especially if you are not confident in your ability to communicate in English. If you don’t speak up and share ideas in a group project, you are likely to feel undervalued, marginalized, and on the sidelines (an unpleasant feeling for anyone). It is a good idea to come up with ideas before group meetings, and to ensure that you are able to communicate them clearly before attempting to do so in front of your peers. This way you can contribute, while avoiding stress. The international experience is something that many students find immensely fulfilling, even life-altering. You never know who you are going to meet, what you are going to learn, or what interests you are going to discover while studying abroad. If you are an international student and find yourself struggling to keep up with the workload, or are feeling overwhelmed by what is being asked of you, get in touch with Homework Help Global today and let us make your international experience easier to manage. References: Fass-Holmes, B. Vaughn, A.A. (2014). “Are International Undergraduates Struggling Academically?” Journal of International Students 1(2014): 60-73 Katem, E. (2018). “Canada is home to nearly half a million international students.” Canada Study News. Retrieved from: Things international students should know about studying abroad The Ups and Downs of International Students Abroad The Ups and Downs of International Students Abroad The West’s universities have been, for some time, and will likely continue to be for some time to come, the desired destination of international students from all over the world. State of the art research facilities, and a concentration of some of humanity’s best and brightest minds, combined with unmatched infrastructure and amenities, have drawn (in Canada alone) some 500,000 international students. Leaving your home country to study abroad can be one of the most exciting things you do with your life. It gives you a chance to experience new cultures, new foods, new places, improve language skills, build valuable and impressive resumes, and, for some, provides a pathway to citizenship in an entirely new country. Universities in Canada and the United States place a tremendous amount of value on attracting and retaining international students, and work to ensure their academic experience is a positive one. As with any experience where you are facing significant unknowns, you will encounter both ups and downs especially at first when acclimating to your new country and university. Below are some of the things international students should keep in mind while considering an international university experience. Culture shock University life, and university towns, tend to be somewhat of a bubble, regardless of where you go in the world. There is a young, liberal culture that tends to dominate and it is not necessarily what you can expect from the wider society. Young people today have grown up more connected, and part of a much larger, more identifiable global culture than ever before. That being said, your new country undoubtedly has some surprises in store for you. The way people talk and relate to one another will likely be different. Social norms regarding things like politeness, noise, greetings, personal space, touching and body language while talking, sense of humour, and national identity are all things that people who intend on spending a significant amount of time outside their home culture will have to come to terms with. International students and university level English If English is your second language, and even if you went to an international high school in your home country with a significant amount of English language instruction, the jump from high school-level English to university-level can be quite overwhelming for international students. That does not necessarily mean you are going to do poorly in your courses. Studies have shown that, although many international students (63 percent) do struggle with English in university and college-level courses, only 10 percent of them experienced significant grade drops. You should also know that if you are struggling with your coursework, and require help, there are academic writing services out there that have helped countless international students obtain an edge on their coursework, and improve their ability to read and write in English. It takes courage and hard work to study abroad, and the academic papers and literature you will be exposed to, even at the undergraduate level, will introduce you to words and concepts that are both sophisticated and uncommon. Homesickness It is common for university students, especially new students, to feel homesick if they have chosen to study outside of the town or city they grew up in. Even moving just a couple of hours away to study can make students feel isolated and alone. This is especially true if you come from a close-knit family, and have a large and meaningful social network in your city or town of origin. This experience can be greatly amplified if you are coming from another country altogether. Thanks to the internet and to internet-based communication, including things like social media, we are now more connected with our loved ones than ever before. The days of expensive calling cards and writing letters are long gone, and international students can be closer than ever to friends and family while not physically present. A good way to deal with homesickness is to keep active. It can be easy to end up wallowing in a pit of despair and decide that you don’t want to do anything, or see anybody. Staying active (including exercising) will help with your mental health, and make it easier to settle in. You will likely have to speak publicly and participate in group projects Speaking publicly is part of the university experience for most people. Whether as part of a group project, or on your own, you will likely have to get up in front of your peers and classmates, as well as your professors, and speak about course material. Public speaking is nerve-racking at the best of times, but especially so if you are doing it in a language you don’t feel 100 percent proficient in. Prepare yourself for that beforehand so that you are not all of a sudden overwhelmed by surprise and dread. Understand that most of your fellow students are not bad people, and that they will empathize with your discomfort and will not attempt to make you feel bad for trying your best. The aforementioned group projects are also part of the university experience that many international students find uncomfortable, especially if you are not confident in your ability to communicate in English. If you don’t speak up and share ideas in a group project, you are likely to feel undervalued, marginalized, and on the sidelines (an unpleasant feeling for anyone). It is a good idea to come up with ideas before group meetings, and to ensure that you are able to communicate them clearly before attempting to do so in front of your peers. This way you can contribute, while avoiding stress. The international experience is something that many students find immensely fulfilling, even life-altering. You never know who you are going to meet, what you are going to learn, or what interests you are going to discover while studying abroad. If you are an international student and find yourself struggling to keep up with the workload, or are feeling overwhelmed by what is being asked of you, get in touch with Homework Help Global today and let us make your international experience easier to manage. References: Fass-Holmes, B. Vaughn, A.A. (2014). “Are International Undergraduates Struggling Academically?” Journal of International Students 1(2014): 60-73 Katem, E. (2018). “Canada is home to nearly half a million international students.” Canada Study News. Retrieved from:

Issues of Managerial Accounting - 1047 Words

INTRODUCTION : Managerial accounting is concerned with providing information to managers – that is , people inside an organization who direct or control it’s operations. Via managerial accounting managers understood that good business results come from dynamic processes , procedures and practices that are well designed and properly implemented and managed. Certified management accountants are qualified to help their fellow managers achieve good business results because they have earned an advanced certification that addresses all important aspects of accounting inside organization. The role management accounts play within organizations supporting decision making , planning , and control. In short , the emphasis in business and the role†¦show more content†¦Committed leadership : Committed leadership refers a leader must be committed with few commitments. What are the real commitments ? They are – * To be self – how much you work on developing yourself as a human being , to be the best leader you can be. * To people – how much you really focus on connecting with those around you in order to work effectively with them. * To organization - how much you are devoted to the intentions and performance of the organization. * To the truth – how much you tell and even invite the truth, even when it is hard in order to keep yourself and the organization in a right course. * To leadership – how much you answer a call to lead and to engage in proven , effective leadership behaviors. Strategic planning : Another current issue of management accounting is strategic planning. It is an organization’s process of defining it’s strategy, or direction and making decision on allocating it’s resources to pursue this strategy. It helps to determine the direction of the company. Process management : Process management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, techniques and systems to define, measure, control, report, and improve processes with the goal to meet customer requirements profitably. Customer involvement : Customer involvement is anotherShow MoreRelatedEthical Issues Of The Managerial Accounting Profession1186 Words   |  5 Pageshas obvious ethical issues that not only affect firms or corporations, but also affect the community; for example, the respect of the privacy and confidentiality of the firm, the relationships between the organization and its clients or suppliers, dealing with people outside the company or organization. This essay is mainly concerns with the ethical issues in the managerial accounting profession discipline. 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Ethics And The New Genetics - 1428 Words

In an ever evolving society, the increased use of technology has become a staple in our day to day lives. With the constant advancements of technology the ideology of cloning has now become a reality. The increasing use of science today is slowly leading to the development of cloning and genetic selection. By altering the genetic make-up of a being, scientists have brought about several questions on how the population would adjust to the â€Å"super-beings,† and what benefits and consequences both human and non-humans would gain with their creations? Authors Francis Fukuyama, who wrote â€Å"Human Dignity,† and The Dalai Lama, writer of â€Å"Ethics and the New Genetics,† has called into question the use of cloning and how it could possibly affect others. With the creation of â€Å"super-beings,† humans would ultimately suffer a bigger separation from each other and create unfairness among the human species such as a stronger and more intelligent being. With the development of science, cloning has become possible. Some cloning has been used to help benefit the human race; in some ways the environment and other species. However, other cloning uses could cause many problems such as a disadvantage in intelligence, strength, and who would be acceptable to obtain what jobs. Cloning has increased the production of food sources and advanced medical technologies, but has also created a disturbance among the human species on what problems cloned humans would bring. Fukuyama completely rejected theShow MoreRelatedEthics And The New Genetics1048 Words   |  5 Pages#1: Response Paper Dear Mr. Dalai Lama, In your excerpt, â€Å"Ethics and the New Genetics,† you presented the discovery of the advancement in genetic technology. You mentioned how scientist are able to change the genetic makeup of living things. Another key point presented in your article is the idea of cloning, where one is therapeutic while the other is reproductive. The article discussed that the advancement in technology and genetics should only be used to benefit people. However, you believedRead MoreEthics And The New Genetics1673 Words   |  7 Pageshassles. It has become an essential part of the way that people live and it is very likely that people would be a loss without it. In â€Å"Ethics and the New Genetics,† the Dalai Lama claims that to ethically use new technological advancements we need to develop a â€Å"moral compass†. Peter Singer, in â€Å"Visible Man: Ethics in a World without Secrets,† discusses whether new technology and â€Å"openness† makes our lives better, or if the lack of privacy takes away the rights of individuals. Both authors discussRead MoreThe, Visible M Ethics And The New Genetics867 Words   |  4 Pagesevolution has outpacing our society expectations. With technological advances’ unfolding right in front of our eyes, the line between what is moral and immoral has been blurred. In Peter Singer’s â€Å"Visible Man: Ethics in a World Without Secrets† and the Dalai Lama’s â€Å"Ethics and the New Genetics† both authors present the potential benefits of today’s advancements but also make it clear that theses advancements have molded our ethical and moral standards. With technological advancements moving at a unfathomedRead MoreVisible M Ethics And The New Genetics1805 Words   |  8 Pageswhen it comes to different aspects of technology. In â€Å"Visible Man: Ethics in a World Without Secrets† Singer talks about how technology and privacy affects democracy in government and ho w it has used technology to spy on its citizens. Tenzin Gyatso shares his opinion about technology in â€Å"Ethics and the New Genetics†, and he explains how the vast majority of people does not have the right knowledge to tamper with genetics and genetic science; thus, leads to the misuse of technology. All these textsRead MoreIslamic and Catholic Views on Genetic Engineering1265 Words   |  6 Pagesis the Catholic view on genetic engineering? - Mary Meets Dolly. 12/ 05/ 2014.) The Catholic Church In 1983, Pope John Paul II mentioned in an address â€Å"genetic enhancement was permissible- indeed, laudable- even from a Catholic point of view, as long as it met certain basic moral rules. Among those rules: that these therapies be available to all. Ensuring equality of care may become inseparable from ensuring equality of opportunity.† (What is the Catholic view on genetic engineering? - Mary MeetsRead MoreEthics And The Field Of Healthcare1542 Words   |  7 PagesEthical Issues Related to Genetics in Nursing Genetic research is imperative to the field of healthcare. Genetic research enables healthcare providers to have a better understanding of many genetic diseases and the components of those diseases. This research aids in early detection, prevention, treatments, and sometimes cures. Without the use of genetic research, healthcare would be at a standstill. Genetic and genome healthcare is a powerful tool. As with anything powerful, it often puts theRead MoreThe Field Of Reproductive Technology1484 Words   |  6 PagesToday’s culture has a growing fascination with biotechnology and genetic engineering. This is especially true within the field of reproductive technology. Advancements in this field has expanded family options significantly with the advent of reproductive technologies such as in vetro fertilization, embryo transplant, and varying genetic testing and screening (Finsterbusch, 2008). However, what drives humanity to want to modify humankind? Should there be lim its placed on these modifications? AndRead MoreThe Controversy Of Genetic Engineering1369 Words   |  6 Pages Genetic Engineering, for most individuals not knowledgeable on the topic, conjures visions of sci-fi movies and humans being grown in a lab far off in the future. What more and more individuals in the early 21st century are coming to realize is that Genetic Engineering has already exceeded our wildest imaginations in a dark corner of a lab, outside of the view of the main stream public. Indeed, in 2017, genetic engineering is in full swing on both plant and animal life. Only from hearingRead MoreA Research On Genetic Engineering1407 Words   |  6 PagesGenetic Engineering is all about genes, which are made of DNA; the chemical inside the nucleus of a cell that carries the genetic instructions for making living organisms. It is a very broad term that covers a range of techniques that allow for the artificial addition, deletion or rearrangement of sequences of ba ses in DNA in order to alter the observable form and function of an organism. (Science Group, 2014). Genetic Engineering was first discovered in the 1970s when scientist discovered how toRead MoreGenetic Engineering : The Field Of Human Biotechnology1490 Words   |  6 PagesGenetic engineering, also called genetic modification, is a set of techniques for isolating, transforming, multiplying and recombining genes from different organisms. Simply put, it is the process of manually adding new DNA to an organism. Genetic engineering originated in the 1970s as a result of the discovery of several key techniques in molecular genetics. It is also referred to as recombinant (rDNA) technology. Genetic Engineering enables geneticists to transfer genes between species that belong

Social Evil Free Essays

Sample essay on Social Evils Still Persist in our society Social evils are prevalent in almost all the backward countries. Surprising enough that India, a country proud of her ancient culture is no exception to it. Conservatism and fundamentalism apart there are certain customs that smear the face of this ancient land that is trying to build a modern image in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Evil or any similar topic only for you Order Now Go to any part of the country you will find something going on you’ll be ashamed of. Even some good customs have taken a woeful course. There Was a time girls having taste in dance and music offered themselves to the cult of devadasis in prestigeoiis temples throughout the country. They were virgins and dedicated their lives to the deity in the temple. They were respected by the whole society. Muslim invasions are responsible for the demolition of a large number of temples in the North and North West. With them the very institution of devadasis disappeared. But it still persists in a few districts of Maharashtra and Kamataka. Ire rate between the age of 7 and 14 are offered to be bride of goddess Yellamma a Saundathi temple in Belgaum district. According to a rough estimate abort 5000 are still offered on full moon day during the month of Magh every year. Gradually a vicious belief has come up that the devadasis are maids to please Parashuram who lives in all men. A devadasi dare not displease Parashuram. What an obnoxious design to exploit the girls sexually. Most of these poor girls join the red light area (prostitute market in Mumbai and its suburbs. Bonded labor is another social stigma on our face. The poor in rural areas (both men and women) are lured by contractors’ men to have a job. They are given a few hundred rupees and sign a document making them bonded labor. They are taken to distant places to work in construction: rework or kilns. The women and small boys and girls are sexually assaulted too. Many of the boys are sold again and again. They hardly know where they belong to. Although Bandhua Mazdoor Mukti SanghofSwami Agnivesi got a very large number of these slave laborers free many are still there the net. The prey of the custom of devadasis and bonded laborers are general illiterate scheduled caste or scheduled tribe people from rural areas. But those girls who suffer because of the evil custom of dowry belong to all sections of the society both in rural and urban areas in almost all the state; the evil that started from the North has engulfed the whole of South too. Today the more educated a boy is the bigger the demand of dowry too. Thousands of girls who are harassed for not bringing sufficient dowry either commit suicide or are burnt alive by the in-laws or the husbands themselves. Caste system might have served the purpose of maintaining certain – discipline in the society when it was based on profession and not on birth. Today its proliferation into more than 5000 castes from four and that toe based on birth has become the gravest evil. It is responsible for the stratification in the society the upper castes are harassing the lower castes. It took the lower castes more than a millennium to assert themselves. Today they are up in arms against the so called upper castes—3000 against 2000. What a game? Caste consciousness has gained over national consciousness. It seems the social evil that was taken for granted in the past may bring a storm that will rip open the very basis of unity. Reservations for scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and backward classes may not be able to check the reaction in the minds of the lower castes against the upper ones who still consider the former as pariah. The disparity can be removed only by giving all equal status. The so called upper castes are not giving it even today—of course at the cost of their own safety in the times to come. Woman is wary of the design of the ojha if you go to a tribal village. He may declare you a witch and the villagers may kill you in their own cruel design. A large number of tribal women suffer from this agony every year. Don’t educate the tribal’s and the scheduled castes and this is what you get. Male Chauvinism and child marriages are the two social diseases that are 110 less harmful than AIDS itself. AIDS attacks a person who has . committed a folly or has been wrongly injected. Children are married at an they are not conscious of what is going on with them. Thousands of children become a prey to this evil on the day of Akshaya Tritiya in many areas of Rajasthan. Many children become widow before becoming girls. Their whole life becomes a hell. Male Chauvinism too is no less a social evil. Males have been dominating females throughout the world. It does not mean it is not an evil. In India—specially in the rural areas—women are worse even than the domestic animals. It is a social evil for it doesn’t allow the development of an egalitarian society that is the basis of a democracy. Moreover if a woman is ‘ Ardhangani’ (half part) it is rather queer half part exploiting the other half. How can the health of the nation be maintained that way? Essay – 1 Indian society is one of the oldest societies. It has got its own customs and traditions. Some of them are very old. They do not suit the present times. Times go on changing. We must also change our customs and traditions to keep pace with the times. Some of our customs are not only useless but are also obstacles in the way of social progress. It is, therefore, essential that they must be changed. The older must change giving place to the new; I will introduce the following social reforms, if ever I become the minister of social welfare. Our marriage customs must be reformed, Child-marriage and early marriage have no place in social life today. Boys and girls must be given some say in the selection of their partners. I will pass a law which make dowry hunting a legal offence. I will allow no business in the form of marriage, as this is a great social curse. This will be my first reform. Now-a-days we do not get the necessities of life in pure condition. Milk, ghee, butter, oil, etc. all are sold adulterated. Not only food stuffs, but medicines, toilet goods and their articles also are mixed with inferior and cheaper substances. This amounts to the cheating of the people. This is a social crime. I will make all possible efforts to curb this nefarious trade. The people will be ensured the supply of pure and unadulterated goods. In our society, drinking is becoming common. There is also drug addiction on a large scale. Then evil effects of such habits are too well known to need any discussion. Society must be saved from this social curse. I will educate the people against these evils as well as pass laws against them. When I become the minister for social welfare, this social reform will receive my urgent attention. Man and woman are the two wheels of the social cart. Both of them must be equally strong. But in our society women are illiterate. They are kept in ‘purdah’. They are denied their due rights. Illiteracy is most wide-spread among women. I will pay special attention towards female education. This will remove many evils from society. Purdah will come to an end. Women will become equal partners with men in the work of the development of the country. Untouchability is a curse. We treat a large section of our people, as if they were animals. I will do my utmost to eradicate this social evil. Public opinion shall be educated against it. The condition of the untouchables shall be improved. Food prices have been raising for sometime past, one of the main causes of this is the hoarding of food grains. There is acute shortage of a number of essential commodities. To earn huge profits, businessmen hoard the necessities of life. This causes great hardship to the people. I will introduce legislation to check hoarding with the greatest zeal and effort. Hoarders, black marketers and profiteers would be severely dealt with. These are but the most important of the social reforms which have been long overdue. Besides these, there are many other social evils like child labour, gambling, wastage of food etc. , on the occasion of marriages and other social ceremonies etc. I will introduce reform in these spheres also. Social reforms are urgently needed. There can be no two opinions about this. Others have also made efforts in this direction. But the results have not been very encouraging. I will give top priority to social reforms. Effective laws will be framed. Public opinion will be created in support of these reforms. Administration will be made strict. Then alone will success be achieved. Note: This essay can also be used for the topics like: †¢ If I Were The minister of Social reform Or of Social Welfare of My State †¢ Some Social Evils and Their Reform Essay -2 The social evils and superstitions that had crept in the society over the centuries made social reforms imperative for the development of the society and the masses. In the 19th century, the newly educated persons increasingly revolted against rigid social conventions and outdated customs. They could no longer tolerate irrational and de-humanising social practices. Moreover, the backward features of Indian society, such as the caste system or inequality of the sexes had religious sanctions in the past. Therefore, it was necessary to reform religious practices as well. The condition of women was pathetic. The various religions practised in India as well as the personal laws based on them consigned women to a status inferior to that of men. Polygamy, Purdah system, sort, ban on widow remarriage, no education for female child, female infanticide, child marriages were some of the evils that had vice—like grip over the society. It thus became necessary to take the women out of this degraded position and help her to realise her true potential. The problems of female feoticide, sexual harassment at workplace, education are so diverse that they need sound financial backing, all these social evils centre around the petty and marginalized conditions of women in the society. We need to combat evils like the glorification of sati places as pilgrimages, dowry system, girl feoticide, decline in sex ratio, harassment of women etc. This can be achieved by educating the woman and making her financially independent. Rajasthan has been in the news recently and for all the wrong reasons. First, it was tigers disappearing, then it was a guidebook that referred to sati-sites as tourist destinations, and then it was child marriages. The legal age for marriage in India is 18 years for women and 21 years for men. Any marriage of a person younger than this is banned in India under the Child Marriage Prevention Act of 1929. But child marriages still take place in India; particularly around the Hindu holy day of Akshya Tritiya (also knows as Akha Teej). Yet, it is a religious tradition in many places in India and therefore, difficult to change. People feel that traditions are valuable and should not be changed, especially religious traditions, since changing these would amount to asking people not to practise their religion, a fundamental principle of democracy. Dowry in India, the practice of endowing the groom by the bride’s family, is a tradition, which has changed its intentions from giving a gift to demanding for astronomical amounts which has bankrupted lots of families and made many girls either to commit suicide or being murdered. Bride-price, which is the endowment to the bride’s clan, which is widely practised in Papua New Guinea, too, has changed from the earlier intentions thereby making it a business. Moral and ethical concerns of the society weigh a great deal with those in public life as their behaviour is keenly watched by the people. At concerned quarters, views are being expressed over the general decline of values in public life. There is a general feeling that all is not well with our socio-political system which is functioning under a great strain. In such a situation, the representatives of the people have to set high standards of behaviour in public life. Members of Parliament have not only to represent the society but have also to lead it. Therefore, they have to function as the role models and this naturally casts on them a heavy responsibility. Our freedom fighters and national leaders had set high ethical and moral standards in public life and they followed those principles scrupulously. This tendency, it is painfully observed, is now on a decline. There has been a wide and critical collapse of moral values in all walks of life and a perilous decline in the human dimension in global, political and trade relations and national economy. Development has culminated in widespread discontent, corruption, unemployment, violence, communal and racial discord and much human distress, destruction and disillusionment. Barring this, the caste system, which had its roots in religion, is another curse in society. Though not so rigid in urban areas, it is still practised in rural areas with the same zeal. Caste determines man’s marriage, social circle and profession. The untouchables suffer from numerous disabilities and restrictions. His dresses, food, place of residence, all are degraded. Not only is it humiliating and inhuman and based on anti-democratic principle of inequality by birth, it is a cause of social disintegration. Thus, it has to be fought against. Another problem that our society faces is the rapid criminalisation of the polity, that could be the result of the fact that criminals have understood the mechanics of the electoral process and have themselves become contenders for power. Earlier, politicians patronised criminals and provided them protection from the law-enforcement agencies in exchange for the use of their muscle power during elections. And now it is the opposite-with the criminals themselves taking over the reigns of power and patronising the « politicians and their parties. Of late, there is an increasing exposure of the criminals in the! Governing system of the country, to the extent that it alienates the common people for power. The criminalisation of politics is a reflection of, and a factor that aggravates the crisis of the political system. Only a qualitative change that transforms the system from its very roots can resolve this crisis in favour of the people. In the rural economy, both unemployment and under employment exist side by side and the distinction between them is by no means sharp. In the rural areas, increasing population implies an increasing pressure on land. This pressure on land has resulted in an increase in the number of agriculturists, and this has largely contributed to the problem of unutilised labour or disguised unemployment in the agricultural sector. A large labour force accumulates around primary occupations. A general in elasticity of occupational structure prevents any large movement away from these in periods of slack demand. This leads to seasonal unemployment also. In short, the major feature of rural unemployment is the existence of unemployment in the form of disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment rather than open unemployment that exists in the urban areas. Idol worship, superstitions, Brahmanical or clergy superiority, all had to be fought against, for all the social practices finding sanction in religion. Yet a lot needs to be done to eradicate from the shreds a number of social evils still haunting our society. How to cite Social Evil, Papers

Social Evil Free Essays

Sample essay on Social Evils Still Persist in our society Social evils are prevalent in almost all the backward countries. Surprising enough that India, a country proud of her ancient culture is no exception to it. Conservatism and fundamentalism apart there are certain customs that smear the face of this ancient land that is trying to build a modern image in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Evil or any similar topic only for you Order Now Go to any part of the country you will find something going on you’ll be ashamed of. Even some good customs have taken a woeful course. There Was a time girls having taste in dance and music offered themselves to the cult of devadasis in prestigeoiis temples throughout the country. They were virgins and dedicated their lives to the deity in the temple. They were respected by the whole society. Muslim invasions are responsible for the demolition of a large number of temples in the North and North West. With them the very institution of devadasis disappeared. But it still persists in a few districts of Maharashtra and Kamataka. Ire rate between the age of 7 and 14 are offered to be bride of goddess Yellamma a Saundathi temple in Belgaum district. According to a rough estimate abort 5000 are still offered on full moon day during the month of Magh every year. Gradually a vicious belief has come up that the devadasis are maids to please Parashuram who lives in all men. A devadasi dare not displease Parashuram. What an obnoxious design to exploit the girls sexually. Most of these poor girls join the red light area (prostitute market in Mumbai and its suburbs. Bonded labor is another social stigma on our face. The poor in rural areas (both men and women) are lured by contractors’ men to have a job. They are given a few hundred rupees and sign a document making them bonded labor. They are taken to distant places to work in construction: rework or kilns. The women and small boys and girls are sexually assaulted too. Many of the boys are sold again and again. They hardly know where they belong to. Although Bandhua Mazdoor Mukti SanghofSwami Agnivesi got a very large number of these slave laborers free many are still there the net. The prey of the custom of devadasis and bonded laborers are general illiterate scheduled caste or scheduled tribe people from rural areas. But those girls who suffer because of the evil custom of dowry belong to all sections of the society both in rural and urban areas in almost all the state; the evil that started from the North has engulfed the whole of South too. Today the more educated a boy is the bigger the demand of dowry too. Thousands of girls who are harassed for not bringing sufficient dowry either commit suicide or are burnt alive by the in-laws or the husbands themselves. Caste system might have served the purpose of maintaining certain – discipline in the society when it was based on profession and not on birth. Today its proliferation into more than 5000 castes from four and that toe based on birth has become the gravest evil. It is responsible for the stratification in the society the upper castes are harassing the lower castes. It took the lower castes more than a millennium to assert themselves. Today they are up in arms against the so called upper castes—3000 against 2000. What a game? Caste consciousness has gained over national consciousness. It seems the social evil that was taken for granted in the past may bring a storm that will rip open the very basis of unity. Reservations for scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and backward classes may not be able to check the reaction in the minds of the lower castes against the upper ones who still consider the former as pariah. The disparity can be removed only by giving all equal status. The so called upper castes are not giving it even today—of course at the cost of their own safety in the times to come. Woman is wary of the design of the ojha if you go to a tribal village. He may declare you a witch and the villagers may kill you in their own cruel design. A large number of tribal women suffer from this agony every year. Don’t educate the tribal’s and the scheduled castes and this is what you get. Male Chauvinism and child marriages are the two social diseases that are 110 less harmful than AIDS itself. AIDS attacks a person who has . committed a folly or has been wrongly injected. Children are married at an they are not conscious of what is going on with them. Thousands of children become a prey to this evil on the day of Akshaya Tritiya in many areas of Rajasthan. Many children become widow before becoming girls. Their whole life becomes a hell. Male Chauvinism too is no less a social evil. Males have been dominating females throughout the world. It does not mean it is not an evil. In India—specially in the rural areas—women are worse even than the domestic animals. It is a social evil for it doesn’t allow the development of an egalitarian society that is the basis of a democracy. Moreover if a woman is ‘ Ardhangani’ (half part) it is rather queer half part exploiting the other half. How can the health of the nation be maintained that way? Essay – 1 Indian society is one of the oldest societies. It has got its own customs and traditions. Some of them are very old. They do not suit the present times. Times go on changing. We must also change our customs and traditions to keep pace with the times. Some of our customs are not only useless but are also obstacles in the way of social progress. It is, therefore, essential that they must be changed. The older must change giving place to the new; I will introduce the following social reforms, if ever I become the minister of social welfare. Our marriage customs must be reformed, Child-marriage and early marriage have no place in social life today. Boys and girls must be given some say in the selection of their partners. I will pass a law which make dowry hunting a legal offence. I will allow no business in the form of marriage, as this is a great social curse. This will be my first reform. Now-a-days we do not get the necessities of life in pure condition. Milk, ghee, butter, oil, etc. all are sold adulterated. Not only food stuffs, but medicines, toilet goods and their articles also are mixed with inferior and cheaper substances. This amounts to the cheating of the people. This is a social crime. I will make all possible efforts to curb this nefarious trade. The people will be ensured the supply of pure and unadulterated goods. In our society, drinking is becoming common. There is also drug addiction on a large scale. Then evil effects of such habits are too well known to need any discussion. Society must be saved from this social curse. I will educate the people against these evils as well as pass laws against them. When I become the minister for social welfare, this social reform will receive my urgent attention. Man and woman are the two wheels of the social cart. Both of them must be equally strong. But in our society women are illiterate. They are kept in ‘purdah’. They are denied their due rights. Illiteracy is most wide-spread among women. I will pay special attention towards female education. This will remove many evils from society. Purdah will come to an end. Women will become equal partners with men in the work of the development of the country. Untouchability is a curse. We treat a large section of our people, as if they were animals. I will do my utmost to eradicate this social evil. Public opinion shall be educated against it. The condition of the untouchables shall be improved. Food prices have been raising for sometime past, one of the main causes of this is the hoarding of food grains. There is acute shortage of a number of essential commodities. To earn huge profits, businessmen hoard the necessities of life. This causes great hardship to the people. I will introduce legislation to check hoarding with the greatest zeal and effort. Hoarders, black marketers and profiteers would be severely dealt with. These are but the most important of the social reforms which have been long overdue. Besides these, there are many other social evils like child labour, gambling, wastage of food etc. , on the occasion of marriages and other social ceremonies etc. I will introduce reform in these spheres also. Social reforms are urgently needed. There can be no two opinions about this. Others have also made efforts in this direction. But the results have not been very encouraging. I will give top priority to social reforms. Effective laws will be framed. Public opinion will be created in support of these reforms. Administration will be made strict. Then alone will success be achieved. Note: This essay can also be used for the topics like: †¢ If I Were The minister of Social reform Or of Social Welfare of My State †¢ Some Social Evils and Their Reform Essay -2 The social evils and superstitions that had crept in the society over the centuries made social reforms imperative for the development of the society and the masses. In the 19th century, the newly educated persons increasingly revolted against rigid social conventions and outdated customs. They could no longer tolerate irrational and de-humanising social practices. Moreover, the backward features of Indian society, such as the caste system or inequality of the sexes had religious sanctions in the past. Therefore, it was necessary to reform religious practices as well. The condition of women was pathetic. The various religions practised in India as well as the personal laws based on them consigned women to a status inferior to that of men. Polygamy, Purdah system, sort, ban on widow remarriage, no education for female child, female infanticide, child marriages were some of the evils that had vice—like grip over the society. It thus became necessary to take the women out of this degraded position and help her to realise her true potential. The problems of female feoticide, sexual harassment at workplace, education are so diverse that they need sound financial backing, all these social evils centre around the petty and marginalized conditions of women in the society. We need to combat evils like the glorification of sati places as pilgrimages, dowry system, girl feoticide, decline in sex ratio, harassment of women etc. This can be achieved by educating the woman and making her financially independent. Rajasthan has been in the news recently and for all the wrong reasons. First, it was tigers disappearing, then it was a guidebook that referred to sati-sites as tourist destinations, and then it was child marriages. The legal age for marriage in India is 18 years for women and 21 years for men. Any marriage of a person younger than this is banned in India under the Child Marriage Prevention Act of 1929. But child marriages still take place in India; particularly around the Hindu holy day of Akshya Tritiya (also knows as Akha Teej). Yet, it is a religious tradition in many places in India and therefore, difficult to change. People feel that traditions are valuable and should not be changed, especially religious traditions, since changing these would amount to asking people not to practise their religion, a fundamental principle of democracy. Dowry in India, the practice of endowing the groom by the bride’s family, is a tradition, which has changed its intentions from giving a gift to demanding for astronomical amounts which has bankrupted lots of families and made many girls either to commit suicide or being murdered. Bride-price, which is the endowment to the bride’s clan, which is widely practised in Papua New Guinea, too, has changed from the earlier intentions thereby making it a business. Moral and ethical concerns of the society weigh a great deal with those in public life as their behaviour is keenly watched by the people. At concerned quarters, views are being expressed over the general decline of values in public life. There is a general feeling that all is not well with our socio-political system which is functioning under a great strain. In such a situation, the representatives of the people have to set high standards of behaviour in public life. Members of Parliament have not only to represent the society but have also to lead it. Therefore, they have to function as the role models and this naturally casts on them a heavy responsibility. Our freedom fighters and national leaders had set high ethical and moral standards in public life and they followed those principles scrupulously. This tendency, it is painfully observed, is now on a decline. There has been a wide and critical collapse of moral values in all walks of life and a perilous decline in the human dimension in global, political and trade relations and national economy. Development has culminated in widespread discontent, corruption, unemployment, violence, communal and racial discord and much human distress, destruction and disillusionment. Barring this, the caste system, which had its roots in religion, is another curse in society. Though not so rigid in urban areas, it is still practised in rural areas with the same zeal. Caste determines man’s marriage, social circle and profession. The untouchables suffer from numerous disabilities and restrictions. His dresses, food, place of residence, all are degraded. Not only is it humiliating and inhuman and based on anti-democratic principle of inequality by birth, it is a cause of social disintegration. Thus, it has to be fought against. Another problem that our society faces is the rapid criminalisation of the polity, that could be the result of the fact that criminals have understood the mechanics of the electoral process and have themselves become contenders for power. Earlier, politicians patronised criminals and provided them protection from the law-enforcement agencies in exchange for the use of their muscle power during elections. And now it is the opposite-with the criminals themselves taking over the reigns of power and patronising the « politicians and their parties. Of late, there is an increasing exposure of the criminals in the! Governing system of the country, to the extent that it alienates the common people for power. The criminalisation of politics is a reflection of, and a factor that aggravates the crisis of the political system. Only a qualitative change that transforms the system from its very roots can resolve this crisis in favour of the people. In the rural economy, both unemployment and under employment exist side by side and the distinction between them is by no means sharp. In the rural areas, increasing population implies an increasing pressure on land. This pressure on land has resulted in an increase in the number of agriculturists, and this has largely contributed to the problem of unutilised labour or disguised unemployment in the agricultural sector. A large labour force accumulates around primary occupations. A general in elasticity of occupational structure prevents any large movement away from these in periods of slack demand. This leads to seasonal unemployment also. In short, the major feature of rural unemployment is the existence of unemployment in the form of disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment rather than open unemployment that exists in the urban areas. Idol worship, superstitions, Brahmanical or clergy superiority, all had to be fought against, for all the social practices finding sanction in religion. Yet a lot needs to be done to eradicate from the shreds a number of social evils still haunting our society. How to cite Social Evil, Papers

Financial Risk Management Essay Sample free essay sample

Abstraction Thepurposeof this survey is- To happen out whether investors receive equal information sing the hazard faced by the entity. to enable them measure a company’s public presentation non merely on return but besides on the hazard assumed in order to bring forth the returns Theaimsof this survey are- LITERATURE REVIEW Adams Wood. in his book Foreign Exchange Risk. defines fiscal hazard direction as pull offing the uncertainnesss environing possible investings. A undertaking or an investing is considered hazardous if there is uncertainness sing the realisation of expected hard currency flows. Fiscal directors and investors keep contriving new ways of raising money and avoiding hazards. Changes in involvement rates can do borrowing money really expensive and really dearly-won. Corporate fiscal directors. every bit good as investors need to do certain that possible economic fluctuations do non endanger the house or their concerns. Smart investings and funding determinations are important to a houses and an individual’s success. For smart investings to be undertaken. investors and persons should be to the full cognizant of the hazards environing their investings and possible returns that would be generated from their investings. Many companies prefer to supply minimum information to investors sing the hazard faced by their companies. They normally prefer to maintain it under screen since they know that many investors prefer taking really minimal hazards at the same clip anticipating high returns. which in most instances. is non the instance. since companies that generate more grosss are those that are willing to take high hazards. This has led to what is known as ‘Agency Problem’ . which refers to the struggle of involvement between companies and their stockholders or investors. Most companies hence leave investors to detect on their ain the hazards they face. These has affected most investors. since they put their money in companies without all the relevant information on the degree of hazards they are being exposed to. go forthing them with the premise that their investings will ever make good and that they will acquire high returns which is seldom the instance. Among the companies that filled the questionnaires. there were some companies. which provided sugar coated information ( e. g. originative accounting ) . These companies would do certain that they systematically get good returns but did non pass on to investors the degree of high hazards that they exposed their investings to. These companies withheld information. since they feared losing investors. who were the major subscribers to the capital base of the company. There should nevertheless be the realisation that. every peculiar investing has some degree of hazard inherent in it. Hazard and Return are closely correlated. Companies and persons can non avoid hazard. because by its really nature. concern and investings involve taking hazards. in order to work the available profitable chances. However. the company should non take unneeded hazards. neither should they take hazards that are out of character and which the stockholders do non anticipate. High hazardous investings normally have higher returns than low hazardous investings. In add-on. investors vary. from those who are willing to take high hazards. to those who are willing to take minimum hazards. M. Rees. in his article. ‘What type of investor are you? ’ classified investors into three classs. every bit far as hazard is concerned. They included- They are those investors who admire hazards and will set about a given investing if it promises a higher return irrespective of its hazard degree. They are those investors who do non look up to hazard and will prefer undertakings with a lower hazard degree. Before investors receive any equal information about their investings. they should be to the full cognizant of the degree of hazard they are willing to take. On the other manus. all companies have the duty to supply the relevant information that may impact the stockholders investings. Companies are required to supply prospectus to new investors. be aftering to shoot their financess in the company. A prospectus may be defined as a legal papers prepared to depict what the concern or company will make. every bit good as who the managers of the corporation and its major investors will be. An investor will be able to cognize whether the vision. mission and the ends of the company relates or reflects with his ain. Company’s Acts. Government Regulations. and capital market regulators have besides made it a demand for all listed companies to do revelations of their fiscal statements to investors and the populace. This capable companies to scrutiny from members of the populace. hence heightening transparence of company’s activities. There has besides been a greater accent in recent times. of an bureau relationship between corporations and their investors every bit good as a greater run on companies to prosecute themselves in corporate administration activities. This is expected to cut down struggle of involvement among companies and investors. Corporations should accurately show the hazard factors to investors. This would assist investors make up ones mind where to put and find the hazards they are willing to accept. It would besides assist investors make estimations of Returns on Investment ( ROI ) . Corporations and investors may utilize statistical methods to accurately step hazard. They may find the Expected Monetary Value ( EMV ) . the Standard Deviation and the coefficient of fluctuation of their investings or undertakings. The expected pecuniary value is an norm of all expected hereafter hard currency flows of any given undertaking. Standard Deviation is a step of the stringency of the chance distribution. When pull offing hazards. it is advisable for investors to unite assorted investings. in order to cut down their hazard on investings. Stockholders investings are normally capable to assorted hazards. They include political hazards. cultural hazards. exchange rate hazards. legal hazards. technological hazards. market hazards. and fiscal hazards. In my thesis. I will concentrate on involvement hazard and currency hazard. Foreign exchange hazard arises due to the demand to cover with more than one currency and consequences from possible alterations in the values of these currencies relative to each other. The exchange rate is the monetary value of one currency in footings of another currency. The foreign exchange hazard is present whenever a companies assets are denominated in the currency of its ain currency and it operates in the foreign currency. There exist three major types of exchange rate hazard. Companies are required to turn to the hazards of involvement rates and foreign exchange rate. They may use assorted methods of pull offing hazards. so that investor’s returns become safe. The schemes they employ include. The most common and operable methods that companies and investors ought to utilize to mange currency hazards and involvement rate hazard include- An option is the right to purchase ( name option ) or to sell ( set option ) the implicit in plus at a specific monetary value ( exercise monetary value ) within a specified period ( exercise period ) . Option contracts as a method of hazard direction are zero sum games. because the additions to one party is equal to the losingss of the other party. It arises when a purchaser has a right but non an duty to buy the implicit in security at a specific monetary value in future. Since he has a right but no duty. he will usually near the marketer to buy the implicit in security when conditions are favourable to him but unfavourable to the marketer. The purchaser is usually required to pay a commitment fee known as premium. It gives the marketer the right to sell his security at an in agreement monetary value ( exercise monetary value ) within a specified period. Normally. the marketer will exert the put option when conditions are favourable to him but unfavourable to the purchaser. For this ground. the marketer will be required to pay a committedness fee to the purchaser. 2. Use of barters This refers to a common understanding to interchange the duties underlying a given dealing. The major purpose of swapping is to fudge against the bing hazard by reassigning the current duty to a new duty. There are usually 2 types of barters: The purpose of this barter is to alter the duty from a state of affairs where payment is made in one signifier. to a state of affairs where payment is made in the foreign currency. For illustration. Assume that there are two companies. one is a UK company wishing to borrow Kenyan shillings. to finance an investing undertaking in Kenya. If the UK Company is non known in the Kenyan Market. it will hold to pay higher involvement rates than the Kenyan companies pay on the Kenyan money market. To set up a barter the American company will hold to place a Kenyan Company confronting similar jobs of borrowing the UK lb. The two companies will therefore arrange the undermentioned barter. Even though the usage of barters is a good hazard direction tool. there are some hazards normally associated with it. They include recognition hazard. Market hazard. Sovereign hazard and Mismatch hazard. This refers to a fiscal understanding between two parties with respect to exchange of hard currency flows related to a specific implicit in duty. The cardinal aim is to change over the loan. which is in the signifier of a fluctuating involvement rate into a loan. which is in the signifier of a fixed involvement rate. In involvement rate barter. one company may be interested in fudging against the fluctuations in involvement rates while another company may be interested in guess. 3. Matching It involves making a liability if there is an plus receivable or making an plus if there is a liability to be paid. For illustration. if the company is to have some money and its major concern is to fudge against the grasp of the local currency. so the company can borrow abroad therefore making a liability. In this instance. the decrease in the value of the sum receivable ( plus ) will be compensated by the decrease in value of the sum collectible and vice-versa. In this instance. a loss through a liability bing or created is compensated by the addition through an plus existing or created. 4. Leading and Laging This involves fixing or detaining payment or reception of money as a manner of seeking to cut down hazard. In taking. the exporter fastens the reception of the sum due if he anticipates the local currency will appreciate. On the other manus. an importer will besides fix the payment if he anticipates the local currency is traveling to deprecate. Laging leads to the hold of payment. For illustration. the exporter will detain the grosss. if he anticipates the depreciation of the local currency. while an importer will detain payment if he anticipates grasp in the local currency. 5. Money Market Hedging It refers to borrowing abroad or puting abroad. so that the cumulative sum will help in paying the sum due for an importer or the cumulative sum will help in fudging against the inauspicious motion in the exchange rate. Borrowing applies to an exporter. in the instance where the exporter can borrow abroad and put locally. He will so utilize the cumulative sum receivable to pay the sum due. In this manner. the exporter will be able to pull off the inauspicious motion in the exchange rate. 6. Future They are promises to purchase or sell something in the hereafter. at a given monetary value that is agreed upon. They are trade on organized hereafter exchanges. 7. Forward They are similar to hereafters. but they are arranged straight between a house and a bank. Firms and persons may utilize derived functions to cut down hazard. every bit good. as speculate through purchasing and merchandising of derived functions in the hope of gaining net incomes. When these guesss do non work out. losingss can be significant ; hence. investors should take great attention when covering with them. For illustration. the UK Barings. one of the world’s oldest Bankss. collapsed in 1995 due to hereafters guess by one of its bargainers. Harmonizing to John Smith. in his book ‘Summary of Risk Management Models. ’ he concludes that. there is no 1 individual method that confidently res confirm its capableness of wholly fudging hazard. It is hence upon the company and investors to take the hazard direction theoretical account that would outdo cut down their exposure to any given hazard. In decision. corporations are expected to unwrap all their activities to investors. so that investors may measure the hazards before puting. Investors should so compare the hazards and the returns. and find whether. it would be feasible to put in that peculiar undertaking. Mentions

Trains free essay sample

Click clack. Click clack. Click clack. The train bumped its way across the tracks stretching off into the horizon and out of sight across the huge open field. Far in the distance, there were the sharp, unforgiving silhouettes of the mountains, but the closer landscape was flat and smooth; it was lonely, but friendly and familiar. Every now and then, the telegraph wire running alongside the train collided with a pole before continuing its journey. Small patches of the bright blue open sky were covered by tufts of white clouds and one imposing blob of coal colored smoke. This was home. The railroad engineer pushed his sweaty cap higher up on his head as he scanned the horizon, searching for any reason to change anything. This was his life. Speed, distance, brakes, directions, stations, handling. It was all he had to know. He did not understand how anyone’s brain could be small enough to only hold that tiny bit of information. We will write a custom essay sample on Trains or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He had perfected everything he â€Å"needed† and everything he was supposed to know long ago. Slowly, he started gathering new information. He noticed the way the clouds gathered and the cows collected under the trees when rain was coming. He saw the way the grass bent under different forces of wind and how it fluttered when the train whooshed by. He felt the shifting of the joints between the cars from the changing speed of the train and the different amounts of force it took to move the train depending on the type of cargo he was pulling. More than anything, he observed the small, almost unnoticeable weight that his weekly pay added to his pocket. Technically, it was enough. He could live off the small amount of money he had jingling softly in his pocket any time the train rolled over a badly nailed cross tie, but that was all he could do. He could only live this life, sleeping in the train, eating at the station while his cargo was unloaded and the next set of cars was att ached and have only a small amount of left over money saved in case an emergency came up, and he needed to repair some part of his train. It wasn’t what he wanted. His life was like the tracks the train was rattling down; it was straight and unchanging and appeared to be so far, far past the horizon line. That was something else he had learned. A sudden change in the straight yellow grass caught his attention and he turned his head to look out the right window. Old, rusting, black cars lay in pieces, strewn across the landscape for a mile or so, as good as he could guess. He found himself wishing that one of those cars had belonged to him, that he had once had the kind of money that everyone else in America seemed to have. The American Dream was scattered across the dead, dry landscape before him; it had been discarded before he even had a chance to grab a piece of it. He would give anything for a normal life. He imagined a pretty girl with a bright smile and rosy cheeks kissing him on the forehead before raising herself clumsily from her chair and crossing her hands beneath her belly, carefully supporting their son-to-be. Their first child, a little girl, was sitting on the floor, playing with a yarn doll he had helped her make before dinner, which was delicious. His wife was a wonderful cook. Their house was cozy and tid y, full of little objects and collections that made it feel like home, and one of those black cars was parked on the street outside. His day dream slowly faded away as the graveyard of skeleton Fords left his sight. He turned back to the front window, noted a landmark he knew and began the process of slowing the train. A station was approaching. This was his life.

Warfare in Elizabethan England essays

Warfare in Elizabethan England essays War was a common thing in Elizabethan England with a gruelling 40-Year war going on in Italy between Charles V of Spain and Francis I of France. The front line on most battlefields would consist entirely of Pike men; these were the most common of all soldiers and the most deadly. Each carried a wooden pike tipped with metal that could be as long as 5.5metres. Behind these Pike men would be the soldiers known as Arquebusiers who each carried a large 10kg handgun known as an Arquebus. These handguns were heavy and cumbersome but when used correctly could pierce armour at a range of up to120metres. Cavalry were only effective when catching fleeing or lightly armed troops but would not normally penetrate against a good front line. New artillery were introduced before 1600 in the form of a new lightweight cannon that fired iron cannonballs or packets of bullets called grapeshot. These replaced the older cannons that required several horses to move and had only a short range. With the new cannons came new strategies, and new fortresses. The fortifications became deep trenches protected by the heaped up earth on one side. New forts became smaller and not as tall, they were designed to withstand cannonballs and became basically one big gun platform. ...

Advanced and Clinical Immunology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Advanced and Clinical Immunology - Essay Example Consequently, IgE immunoblotting was mainly required for determination of the foods to evade in trying to help the patient feel better ((Phipatanakul et al, 2004). 4. Th-2 like cells can be identified in the peripheral blood and lesions of atopic-dermatitis patients producing IL-4, 5, 13 and also IL-17 from Th17 cells. Explain the role(s) of these cytokines in allergy (10 Marks). Â  IL-4, 5, 13 are important for allergic responses and elimination of parasites. Th17 cells are the newest members of the Th cell family and produce the IL-17. The Th17 cells are involved in host defense with a role of protection against extracellular bacteria through activity on both the immune and non-immune cells, they have also begun to be associated with the pathophysiology development of allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis (Cox, et al, 2008). Â  Mast cells PGDs, Basophil histamine and Eosinophil Cationic Protein (ECP) are essential constituents of allergic inflammation. Succeeding fixation of IgE to FceRI receptors on mast cells and basophil histamine is vital to the initiation and proliferation of immediate hypersensitivity reactions. Mast cells, basophils, and the eosinophils are major effector cells in the allergic inflammation (Yazdanbakhsh et al, 2002). Mast cells indirectly contribute to asthmatic reactions. Its presence causes A when the activation by multivalent Ag and the IgE, mast cells produces many inflammatory mediators, which includes histamines, eicosanoids, and proteases with PGD2 in high quantity.

Samedaymay30 Peer Response DQ1AB and DQ2 NA8 Essay

Samedaymay30 Peer Response DQ1AB and DQ2 NA8 - Essay Example It is my opinion that decentralized companies are more effective and productive. The effectiveness of a centralized company is highly dependent on the skills and capabilities of the upper management team. Companies that use a centralized system typically coordinate the efforts of the company from its corporate headquarters (Lexisnexis, 2012). Your example about Ford Company was very informative and aligned with the course discussion. I agree with you that companies that want to consolidate power at the top utilize the centralized organization structure. A few years ago I worked at a company that used a centralized structure. This organization was very effective because the CEO was a charismatic leader. A charismatic leader is a person that is able to have a profound and extraordinary effect on followers due to his personal abilities (Schermerhorn, Hunt, Osborn, 2003). This CEO had great ideas and he utilized a tremendous strategic approach. The employees did not have power or responsibilities beyond their work duties, but most the employee were happy with the firm because the workers were respected and appreciated. An example of respect in the workplace is using people’s ideas to change or improve work (Heathfield, 2012). I have never worked in a U-form organization, but based on your description of this structure I believe that U-form organizations can be very effective in the business world. Lexisnexis.com (2012). Forms of organization: centralized vs. decentralized Retrieved May 25, 2012 from

Music industry and effect of digital world

Music industry and effect of digital world The marketing department of a record label plays a large part in portraying an artists image to its fan base and the music industry. Once an artist has produced their music and is ready to be made public, it is up to the marketing department to make sure that it is made available in all media formats. This is done solely through a range of distribution and promotion campaigns. This case will look at the current situation of the music industry and analyse the effect the new technologies and the digital world are having on record labels and artists. Firstly by looking at a micro and macro environmental view point using various analysis models a better understanding can be made of the music industry in its current state. Once establishing the fundamentals areas by which record labels can advance objectives will be set and followed by promoting and distributing an up and coming artist to her target audience. This record label is called Mystical Records and currently manages one, up and coming artists called Thallie. Thallie is originally from Mauritius, however is now based in the UK and is looking for her big break. Back at home in Mauritius she has be compared with the likes of Shakira and Whitney Houston due to her singing style. Thallie is an urban artist, producing songs in a range of genres from RB to Dancehall. She has made a name for her self back in Mauritius, and now feels that is time to tackle the international markets in particular to the UK and US music markets. 2.0 Analysis The music industry will be analysed through both a macro and micro environmental aspect. The macro environment will be analysed using a PEST analysis, therefore determining all external factors of the music industry. Examining legal factors concerning illegal downloaders which are affecting record label sales, and to establish any government action taken to tackle this problem. Economic factors will be analysed in terms of income and revenue of artists and record labels. The most important element being the technological factors which are also heavily influencing social factors within the music industry, through recent developments in social and mobile networks. Secondly by looking at the micro environment using Porters (1979) five forces model a better understanding of the industries levels profitability. This model shows how customers, competitors, suppliers, distributors and dealers are all affected with the recent changes in the music industry. A major factor towards recent changes of power and relationships has been due to advances in technology over recent years. The internet has affected many industries, however with the surge in social networks and peer-to-peer (P2P) sharing systems the market share of major record labels has been hit hard. 2.1 PEST Analysis 2.1.1 Political / Legal Factors Major record labels are being turned against obtaining information on customer communications from telecom companies by European American Parliaments. This is due to the greater risk of terrorism occurring. (Appendix 2). This information could be also be used to gain access to private information by the music industry. (Appendix 2). Many cases have been held against illegal downloaders by the music industry. (Now over 150 cases in the UK, according to the British Phonographic Industry.) (Appendix 2). A large majority of illegal downloaders obtain music through peer-to-peer (P2P) sharing software; therefore by taking legal action against P2P operators, there can be a step forward in tackling a large number of illegal downloaders. (Appendix 3). Kazaa (large P2P sharing software company) paid $115 million to record labels in compensation due to a case by the Australian Federal Court. (This has been the largest case of its kind.) (Appendix 3). Similar cases have taken place under courts of law in Denmark, Netherlands, Russia, Taiwan. (Appendix 3). By signing agreements with record labels to become legal, P2P sharing software operators can escape being prosecuted. (Appendix 3). As technology evolves so does the level of crime. For example the evolution of digital radio stations (Digital Audio Broadcasters (DAB)) has lead to the evolution of DAB ripping. (Appendix 3). The likes of Apple are being restricted by having their music offerings only available on iPod players, and therefore believe by having copyright protection removed by record labels, there can be a better turnover for all parties involved. (Appendix 13). The current traditional method of record labels is that they keep the copyrights of artists recordings, which generally leads to the record label being profitable and the artists breaking even. (Appendix 7). A new possible method of keeping the music industry profitable may be by legalising file sharing and giving artists / bands control over their own music. (Therefore working with a collapsed copyright system.) (Appendix 7). 2.1.2 Economic Factors There are more methods of opportunities for artists / bands to both increase revenue and exposure, through CDs, digital downloads ringtones, concerts, TV shows, and video games. (Appendix 7). Concert ticket sales have increased immensely over recent years and have become major events in an artists / bands diary. (Appendix 7). A recent revision by the American President of the tax code has made it easier for intellectual property to be sold in the US, which therefore means that another possible method of development for the music industry can be through making artists / bands their own public company. As profits are taxed with low rates and intellectual property being fully accessible, their can be the possibility of artists / bands being invested in via the stock market. (Appendix 7). Due to the slow take up by the music industry of the digital world, there were slumps in sales by up to 7% in 2002 and 2003, by 2006 this figure had decreased to 4% and the music industry was showing signs of competing in new markets. (Appendix 17). Within a year in 2006 there has been an increase in sale of singles by 78% in the UK, therefore showing the change in trend of purchasing and obtaining music. This is due to this new digital age operating in full force. (Appendix 11). In Europe from 2005 to 2006 alone, there was an increase in single downloads of 80%, up to 111 million single tracks downloads. In the US during the same period there was an increase of 65% up to 583 million single tracks downloads. A calculation of the entire worlds single track download was made during the same time and was shown to have increased from 420 million in 2005, to 795 million in 2006 which is an 89% change. (Appendix 12). Music charts were traditionally accounted for through sales of singles and albums, now with recent changes the Top 40 charts are now calculated including downloads. (Conducted by the Entertainment Retailers Association, (ERA)) (Appendix 11). Digital music sales increased by $0.9 billion within a year from 2005, which includes both downloads to computers and mobile phones. (Calculated to be a tenth of all music sales.) (Appendix 17). Radio has been one of the most important formats by which new music is promoted, and in recent years there have been many mergers within the radio industry. With there only being a handful of companies left covering the majority of the national network, there has been a large homogenisation of the airwaves. This has meant that it is now even more difficult for artists / bands to get their music on to radio and promote the singles and albums. (Appendix 14). 2.1.3 Social Factors The increase in social networks has lead to artists having the opportunity to get the first major breaks in the industry. The popularity of social networks has lead to there being awards for the most number of friends for artists on social networks like MySpace. (Appendix 5). Fans are given the opportunity to share their interests in music, artists / bands and send/receive pictures from concerts, interviews etc. via discussion blogs and forums. These various applications are all being recognized within the music industry leading there to be a range of awards for artists. (Appendix 5). In addition to this many fans socialize on websites such as YouTube, where various video clips are shared and commented on, therefore giving many up and coming artists with small budgets an opportunity to be made aware. (Appendix 8). The innovation of music online has lead their to be sites such as Last.fm which makes it possible to connect fans through similar music tastes which aids the awareness of artists and fan groups. (Appendix 5). The rise in social networks has lead to the phenomenon of making fans into marketers indirectly. As fans communicate and get involved with their favourite artists online offerings they are said to be in the process of online word of mouth. (Appendix 7). The changes in chart rules, allow up and coming artists to make their big break, this is through including online downloads to be which is allowing fans to have more control and influence over music. (Appendix 9). As selling CDs is no longer enough to generate revenue, many other formats have been given better consideration, such as ringtones, concerts and video games. Each of these formats plays a part in influencing social groups and fans. For example ringtones can portray a persons music taste which in turn can relate to that persons social group. Concerts are a more traditional format where fans gather in a social aspect to see their favourite artists perform. (Appendix 7). The 20th Century showed a mass growth in the music industry, which linked music with intellect and in turn with social status. With classical and jazz music being linked with those who are intellectually elite, while pop and rock seemed to be linked with the general population. As the 20th Century developed, so did music in terms of their being more variations of genres. For example in the 1970s the emergence of progressive rock. (Appendix 7). Through developments across the world, in particular with technology and communications there have been changes in the style and influence of music. With musical influences coming from African, Jamaican, Latin American and Asian music through various means of media coverage all effecting social changes. Through increases in the number of university students there has also been a huge surge within the clubbing industry. This social activity has therefore lead there to be a direct link with music. Larger clubs offer a range of music genres each in separate rooms; where as smaller clubs play certain genres of music catering to the crowds tastes. 2.1.4 Technological Factors Technology has changed dramatically in recent years and has taken the world by storm, in particular within the music industry. An example of this was the introduction of online software called Napster, which was the first P2P sharing system. The recent developments in online social networks has allowed for there to be an added communication method between record labels and their artists fans. Every EMI artist now has a MySpace page allowing fans to swap news and post stories, share their video clips taken live from their mobile handsets. (Appendix 4). Digital technology specifically has grown at alarming rates; video directors now have to create their productions so that they play well with mobile devices with 2 inch screens. (Appendix 4). There are increasing range of formats by which music sold in this new digital era, for example USB singles and mobile packages. (Appendix 4). The advance of new technology is making is easier for record company marketers to target large portions of the youth and adult markets, through mediums such as social and mobile networks. (Appendix 5). The number of mp3 player inventions has also surged in recent years with market introductions of the Apple iPod and the Sony iRiver. In this case a large majority of the music is downloaded via P2P networks. There are increasingly becoming more and more formats where music can be applied to. (Appendix 7). New technologies have influenced relationships in the music industry greatly, as artists become more independent the major record labels are loosing out, and the fans are dictating what they want from music and having more communication with artists. (Appendix 8). Music downloaded to computers, mobile phones and any other digital device are all now calculated when establishing music charts due to their large presence in this modern era. Information and communication technology has created a new platform for music. (Appendix 11 12). The digital era has largely affected the methods by which music is created and performed. It is possible to a produce a single track or album simply with using a home computer giving opportunities to thousands of artists looking for their big break, where previously they would not have been able to. Buyer Power (HIGH) Buyers power is strong therefore influencing the industry. Developments in technology and resources mean a range of choices are available by which music can be purchased by customers. Instead of just CDs, music is available online, on mobile phones and other digital devices. Rivalry/Competitive Environment (HIGH) For a long time the five major record labels have profited from economies of scale, however the digital era has affected revenues. As more artists produce under their own record companies, the market share for each company consequently falls. The industry is becoming competitive at an alarming rate. Threat of Substitutes (HIGH) The internet has provided fans and customers with opportunity to purchase music from a number of locations therefore making record companies work hard at delivering the product at the right price and formats. As technology develops so does the number locations by which music can be applied. Threat of New Entrants (MEDIUM/LOW) The internet has lead there to be lower barriers to entry, allowing artists to set up their own record companies and to sell music themselves through new online channels. If new laws were to be put in place then there could be a possibility for the large record labels to regain some control. Supplier Power (MEDIUM/LOW) Previously record labels had a large influence on an artists career. However now in this digital era artists have more control of the distribution of their music and the record labels have less control over the artist. However as record labels come with large financial resources they have the opportunity to exploit all media formats professionally. 2.2 Five Forces Model of the Music Industry (Porter, 1979) 2.3 SWOT Analysis Below is a SWOT analysis of Mystical Records showing its the present assets and offerings and all future possibilities. STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES Low overheads such as staff. Talented artist roster. Thallie has a good reputation in Mauritius. Good product range. Access to a larger target market with online outputs. First to initiate online concerts. The ability to sell music at low prices therefore enticing new fans to engage in Thallies music. Difficult to establish on traditional formats like primetime radio. Lack of financial resources could still hinder the process, but less so with online outputs. Lots of risk due to some lack of expertise and staff. Possibly the same media outputs as competitor record companies therefore making the market hard to become established in. OPPORTUNITIES THREATS As technology develops more opportunities to apply music. To establish a larger fan base for artist roster at a quicker rate. To make artist roster internationally recognised. New sources of revenue e.g. ringtones and video games. Sell single tracks that are performing well in local markets to major record labels to market yet receiving royalties and retaining intellectual property rights. Lots of competition, with many artists creating their own record companies. Lack of piracy control. Major record labels re-establishing market share through new innovations. New legislations could cause problems in terms of artist awareness. Consumer tastes are ever changing. 3.0 Aims Objectives When developing the objectives many were discarded taking budget and resources in to consideration. The above objectives are a good indication as to what Mystical Records could achieve once various marketing tools and strategies have been implemented. Corporate Mission / Aim To become an established company both online and offline, that solely signs, promotes and manages up and coming artists. Key Objectives To raise the bulk of revenues though the online activities. To establish up to 8 digital communications of music for each artist. To establish a range of promotional activities in order to increase awareness of the artist roster. To establish a fan base of at least 8000 people through online social networks in 12 months. 4.0 Segmentation Mystical Records is a record company that manages artists under urban music style, therefore covering music genres such as RB, Hip Hop, Dancehall and related styles. Therefore automatically segmenting the entire population to those only interested in urban music. Further segmenting is derived through geographic, demographic and psychographic variables. 4.1 Geographic Geographic Segmentation defines customers according to their location (Brassington Pettitt, 2002). As a company based in the UK the large majority of current and potential fans will be from surrounding areas. Due to the majority of media outputs being online the potential fan base extends to a global field. As Thallie has a big background in Mauritius, the population there is part of the potential fan base. 4.2 Demographic According to Brassington and Pettitt (2002), demographic segmentation tells you a little more about the customer and the customer household on measurable criteria that are largely descriptive, such as age, gender, race, income, and occupation. Music in general has been almost equally shared between genders over the last 10 years. (Appendix 15). Though urban music originates from black African Americans, our offerings are for those of all races. The large majority of the population that engages in music via the internet are those aged between 16 to 25 years old. (Appendix 5). Urban music within the American markets only consists of roughly 22% of all music, however with digital innovations giving the ability to remix music into other genres the majority of the youth to adult market are potential fans. (15 to 29 years old) (Appendix 15). This age range concentrates on those who are students to working professionals; however the music on offer is available to all, especially due to low prices. 4.3 Psychographic Psychographic bases for segmentation centre on perceptual issues. (West et al, 2006). This element of segmentation considers those who listen and live urban music. Therefore including those who listen to specific radio stations and shows, those who attend specific night club events (both clubbers DJs), those who are involved with online networks, blogs and forums, and all related fields to urban music outputs. In particular our online offerings will be directed towards internet users and online social networkers. With music videos being placed on site such as YouTube to raise awareness and let fans comment on. YouTube carries more than 100 million videos a day (Appendix 8). 5.0 Targeting Now that the market segments have been established, strategies must be put in place in order to target each segment. Due to the majority of outputs being through online mediums, it is possible to apply music to more entities with both lower costs and lower risk. There are 3 general strategies by which targeting can occur (Dibb Simkin, 1996): Mass Marketing Strategy: This is where one marketing strategy is applied to the entire market, which leads to low production costs but carries this disadvantage that all customer seek different benefits. Multi Marketing Strategy: This is where the one large market is broken down to smaller markets and all offered different marketing strategies. This method caters for all however in some circumstances can require large financial resources. Single Marketing Strategy: This strategy is sometimes known as a niche strategy, where all marketing efforts are concentrated on one particular market. This can be very risky however if successful can be profitable. For Mystical Records the most viable targeting strategy would be a mixture of both multi and mass marketing strategy. As there will be a range of media outputs used, where there will be slightly different marketing strategies for each, there will be an element of a multi marketing strategy; therefore each media output will relate to a particular segment. Other segments that will be targeted differently include offline segments, such a night clubbers, DJs, and other media outputs. However in general for online segments there will be one mass marketing strategy and for offline segments there will be a mass marketing strategy therefore making it a more effective and competitive method for such a company. 6.0 Positioning As the music industry becomes increasingly competitive, in particular with more and more artists producing music under their own record labels it is important to be established as a recognised and positive company. According to Fill (2006) all products and all organisations have a position. In terms of Mystical Records becoming recognised within the industry and having more artists to sign with us, the marketing message of being a fun and innovative company will be sung. In particular our offering of online concerts will be the main focal point. In terms of Thallie, she will be marketed as a new up and coming artist with an exotic international background, proving to have some competitive advantage over other artists in similar situations. 7.0 Product Portfolio The product portfolio consists of the distribution of music, produced and marketed in a number of formats, such as CDs, music videos, events, live stream shows and digital downloads. The record labels main feature and source of revenue is the artist roster, which currently consists of one performer called Thallie. Thallie This artist is our first signing and therefore will be given maximum attention in making her a great musician. Thallie is an up and coming artist, originally from Mauritius but now looking to tackle the international market, and is now based in the UK. She is a singer with an urban style, producing music in a range of related genes music such as RB, Hip Hop, Dancehall. Back at home she has been known as the prospering version of Shakira (a world famous artist). CDs This media format will primarily be used as a promotional tool. In order to raise awareness of Thallie and her music, CDs will be distributed to radio stations, and at all events and gigs at which Thallie will perform at. There will be a small number of CDs available to purchase as a support to revenue. Music Videos Music videos of Thallies songs will be produced in order to be placed in a number of outputs. Like CDs, these music videos will be used to promote the artist to her current and potential fan base. The music videos will be uploaded online on social networks such as YouTube, Facebook, and MySpace, therefore allowing and encouraging fans to comment and discuss the artists music and create a following. This method will also be an ideal approach to launching new single tracks and other material. The music videos will also be made available for music television and other related outputs. Events (Offline) In order to raise awareness directly to current and potential fans, there will be a number of events, ranging from concerts, night club events and press releases. This element of the product portfolio will be one of the main sources of revenue, with fans having to pay for concert tickets and night club promoters having to pay a hiring fee for Thallie. Press releases will be the support activity in terms of promotions, however will be used a method to be recognised throughout the entire music industry. Live Stream Shows (Online) In recent years there have been many changes in the music industry, and new concept that has yet to be fully utilized is online concerts. As concerts have been a major source of revenue and as the internet has been the most popular means of obtaining music, putting the two together may possibly be another method by which record labels can prosper. Therefore by hosting live regular online concerts to Thallies global online fan base at a relatively low price a new income source can be created. Digital Downloads To support the live stream shows, digital downloads will be available to purchase at a variety of online locations. Fans and others interested in music will have the opportunity to purchase single tracks, albums, and short video clips. These downloads will be made available via the artists website and P2P sharing programmes, such as iTunes. Figure 1: BCG Matrix of Mystical Records Product Portfolio Music videos, events and digital downloads have all been placed as star products, as they all to have high potential growth and high market share. Music videos and digital downloads in recent years have been increasingly popular formats by which music is distributed and acquired and is therefore seen as a profitable source of revenue. Therefore the primary objective is to maintain and hold their current status and use it as a strategy to only develop and diminish. Thallie and live stream shows have both been placed under question marks, as they both have potentially high levels of growth, however they both currently have low market share. With changes within the industry and with technology as a whole both of these products are under building strategies and are projected to become star products and features. CDs have been placed in cash cows, as they are now seen as a traditional format by which music is distributed, however they will still be used for mostly promotional campaigns with the support of some sales. There will not be any major efforts made to sell physical CDs, but will be an ongoing production in order to maintain some regular income. 8.0 Place Strategies One of the most important processes of a record label is deciding where and how to deliver the artists music to the fans and other end users. By carefully implementing solid place strategies there can be an effective method by which the online arena can make an artists career. As a small record label there are limited budgets available, and therefore any chosen method of distribution must be carried out with due diligence. For Thallie, there will be a range of direct and indirect channels of distribution in order to market and sell her singles, albums and other material. The main location for this will be via the online arena, through her website and the record labels website. However there will be a number of channel intermediaries which will also be used to distribute and sell music to the fans and customers. In support there will be promotions and distribution through offline outlets such as local record stores and at events. The model below shows the various methods of distribution, with both direct and indirect channels. Thallies website can sometimes be seen as an indirect channel; however the same method will be used for future signings, and therefore is a direct link between the record label and the end users. = Indirect = Direct MYSTICAL RECORDS FAN BASE / CUSTOMERS / END USERS Record Stores P2P Sharing Systems Social Networks Thallies Website Figure 2: Channels of distribution 9.0 Promotional Strategies The selection of promotional activities to be used by Mystical Records will be a big challenge. They must suit the companys framework and budget, as well as be executed in a timely and efficient manner in order to achieve maximum results. The promotional campaign will hopefully lead to attracting a larger fan base, increased purchases, and establishing Thallie and Mystical Records within the music industry. A promotional mix will be implemented in order to promote the various musical productions by Thallie to her current and potential fan base. The mix consists of the following elements; advertising, direct marketing, personal selling, sales promotion, and public relations, however areas such as viral marketing, sponsorship and networking can also be included. 9.1 Advertising The first element of the promotional mix is advertising, this is where paid for messages and ideas are published to the public in order to inform, remind and persuade them. In the case of Mystical Records, advertising will be used to promote Thallies musical releases both online and offline. However more focused will be placed on offline advertisements due to their being many free advertising opportunities online. As a large portion of our target audiences are the youth market, advertising on global music websites can be an effective method to both reach and inform them of new offerings and events. Though traditional media formats are decreasing in popularity there are still opportunities to advertise in magazines and newspapers about new releases. However due to financial resources being lower advertising will be selective in terms of placing and regularity. 9.2 Sales Promotions / Incentives One of the most important aspects of the use of promotional tools is the incentives used to attract fans and customers to purchase Thallies music. For new customers registering their details via Thallies website or the record labels website, they will be offered free 10 minute viewing of upcoming live online concerts. This will both engage customers in purchasing the full showing of the concert and attract their friends and family to also register. Additionally monthly draws will be held giving selected customers free viewings of entire live online concerts or the chance to win tickets to regular live concerts or other freebies. For dedicated fans there will be further incentives of receiving free signed posters and CDs or even being chosen to feature in music videos. 9.3 Direct Marketing Once fans and customers have registered their details, information can be sent on a regular basis. For example details about special offers, events and new releases can be sent out through regular monthly emails to fans and customers. Information can be sent in a customised manner, making the communications with fans more personal. Traditional formats of direct marketing can be used a support tool, however due to this method costing a lot to be effective, an eCommerce (online channels) and mCommerce (mobile channels) channels of marketing is preferred. 9.4 Personal S